Unemployment and Poverty in Interwar Britain Essay Example for Free

Unemployment and Poverty in Interwar Britain Essay To interpret the interwar years of the British took a lot of different views according to the statuesque of one person in the comparison. It is precisely depending on topics, to some extent of interest. Perhaps in focus of economic depression of the interwar brought the period of worst turning point in Welsh history, at which it is the region of Britain that experience the height levels of levels of unemployment and greatest degree of poverty.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The wars brought a great impact to the nation status like economic and political condition. During war time people suffers a lot of agony. Many people like for example, the Liverpool dockworker, writers, political activist like George Garret and George Orwell, the historians shared opinions of the existing war of British, â€Å"Orwell vision is symbolic of traditional view of British society between the wars† (Orwell, George, Boston, 2000.1). With these Orwell’s vision, many argued and did not agree. This is the reason why must Historians never content with traditional views.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Historians interpretation of interwar Britain have not, therefore, completely changed views of   this period but it gave them a more complex and realistic understanding through. That is why; historian sees that Orwell is only one sided and did not tell the whole truth. Historians tried to see the contradiction of the age – â€Å"with poverty and affluence, underemployment but also new expanding industries† (www.groupstudystop.co.uk).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I think the reason why Liverpool dockworker, writer, and political activist did not like George Orwell’s book since it is biased. He does not reveal the true scenery of what was the true picture of the conditions during those interwar days.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Noting in the past of the dockworker who suffered from â€Å"under schooled, under housed, under paid, under cared for an almost respects and with no reasonable hope of betterment, from an Old Etopian† (www.Historystripstop.co.uk), the most rich and powerful at that time. On the part of writer they do analyze and make assumptions that there is no doubt why poverty still exists at that time. These were the pessimistic accounts among literally men social investigator somewhat like a political activist like George Garret and John Lehman.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Looking back history, during the time at which at first glance look at England those days where peace still exist, it is unusual of foreign people to see English people in existence to the country. It is also said that the accent referred by Americans as â€Å"the English Accent†, is not common to almost all people at that time. Even movies and other advertisement dealt with hostile or friendly, nearly all generalizations made about England during that based on the property owning class. It was most overpowered by people who have had a great and big investment. The truth is that people was ruin by other people who just came bringing wealth just to ruin the country. In fact, the book wrote by George Orwell doesn’t reveal the fact about England those days. Actually the book titled: The Road of Wigan Pier does not reveal much about the actual situation of the society those days. Its is said that â€Å" It is worth trying for a moment to put oneself in the position of foreign observer, new England , but unprejudiced, and able because of his work, to keep in touch with ordinary people , useful unspectacular people†( Orwell, George. 2000. Pp. 1.)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Garret mean to what he says, â€Å"That it( The Road of Wigan Pier)†appears to be left book since it is just nothing to revealed the fact of what is really happening. It does not give factual information but just hide the things going wrong on the matter. Garret judge the book as junk one. References: Orwell, George. The Collected Essays, Journalism and Letters of George Orwell. Vol. 3. Boston. 2000. Page 1. www.countrybookshop.co.uk. www.groupstudystop.co.uk

My Favorite Movie Essay Example for Free

My Favorite Movie Essay As a teen, I was not much into movies, which always got my parents concerned. My parents were very broadminded; they encouraged me to see all types of movies, to develop my interest, so that I could â€Å"know the real world†, as they believed that cinema was a reflection of our daily lives. My brother, who was 15, was even more concerned about my disinterest in movies, and took upon himself, the pious duty of introducing me to the realities of life, though in a starker way. He had a huge collection of seemingly boring movies on his laptop, which he hid from my parents, and which were really good comedies I think. Anyways, when God decided that the time was ripe, I started taking interest in movies. But my genre was horror, yes sir! How I loved those teddy-bear type cuddly cute ghosts, romping without footwear and grunting! I loved the multi-colored vomits and also the shrieks and shouts of the fellow onlookers at the cinema hall.. it was all so hilarious! Yeah, I mean what I say, because I loved these movies for their comic elements, and not horror. I would wait with baited breath for the huge hairy ghost to appear, and wait breathlessly for him to stumble, or fall.. actually sometimes their masks would be so obvious, that one waited for the mask to obstruct their eyes, which often did. Witches who would howl and try scaring were completely oblivious to exposed lace under the skin outfits, and they would unceremoniously get caught in their own tatters and fall down the stairs with a thud! I could go on and on, but dear readers, let me jump on to my favorite movie amongst all I saw. I had watched many a movie, till I saw the posters of this movie appear on all city walls. It was called â€Å"Paapi Guddi ka Papa Gudda†, which crudely translated would mean â€Å" Devilish Doll’s Dad’s a Doll†. This magnum opus I guess, was much ahead of its times, like my elder bro (though for different reasons), and this I guess was the reason why it did not fare well at the box office those days. It was about a loving dad and his daughter, who move to a countryside home and get possessed without much ado. A series of exorcisms then begin, but not before the dad and the prodigal daughter have rid the countryside of a big part of the population. The duo, after dismembering their victims would treat them in some chemicals and stuff them and decorate their mantelpieces with these new fashioned dolls! I don’t remember who the cast and crew were, because they were never heard about after the movie. Sometimes I think that many of these poor actors perish on the sets during the making of the movie for want of medical aid, or even food. But let me not digress dear reader, lets move on! The movie was rated â€Å"R†, and I had to see it any cost. It was summertime and I convinced my parents that our school was taking the entire class to a special show for kids of the movie â€Å"Santa Comes, and How!† I then got my dad’s raincoat to make me look an adult and even bought a cigarette, just to gain entry. The readers can imagine a 13 year old midget, wearing dark glasses, cigarette in hand, and a long raincoat trailing behind me, as it does when you see models in Gucci evening gowns with white satin trailing them mopping the ramp! I was accosted by the checker at the cinema gate and was about to be dishonored when he comfortingly said,† No smoking inside the hall please†! I was so relieved, I thought I was about to be caught, but my clever camouflage was a hit. I coolly chucked the cigarette behind me with a style that could beat Chuck Norris, and saw a big hole made immediately in my dad’s raincoat trailing behind me! Thankfully the raincoat was so oversized that I could just turn around and stomp out the fire, still I had to carefully cut and alter the length later so that no one suspected; except my confused dad who kept remarking, †Strange! Never saw a raincoat shrink before!† The movie was a real laugh riot.. for me I mean. The stupid audience was so scared that they turned the hall upside down shrieking, howling and shouting. These elders, I thought, have no self control. Could they not just enjoy the movie quietly? I was just getting into the story and waiting for those fun moments to appear when the man beside me suddenly shrieked. I turned around to see him staring at the usher who had come out of nowhere and beamed his flashlight on the poor guy’s face! After a minute or two, when the cute cuddly bear type ghosts made an appearance, a much louder shriek was heard, which got everybody’s attention. It was the usher himself this time, having beamed his torch on some woman, and getting scared himself. The lady was not pleased at all, but I must admit that she could have done with a little more make-up before venturing into some public place; its just not right to scare people, right? The movie was so entertaining!! The dad had already turned into a monster and was now attired in a hairy suit, strings of which were visible behind his neck. At one juncture, while accosting a victim, the string got stretched, and he was just about to gasp for air and scream himself, when the editor played a spoilsport and ruined the fun. Well, more would come I thought, and it did. In one scene, while chasing a victim, who, God alone knows why, was strolling in a cemetery at the dead of night, the monster dad clearly tripped over a pointed stone and one could see painful emotions on his face, which the editor also could not conceal. He even swore badly, as I was good at reading lips, but the words were not dubbed later I guess. The daughter too had her shares of bloopers, when in one particular scene she had to shout to scare a victim in a bathroom, she accidentally peeked in the mirror and shrieked loudly! Obviously her make-up as a ghost was so convincing that even she got scared of her own reflection! But nothing could be hid from my eyes though, because I always had an eye for details since the day I was born. I even remember the soft, pink fingers of the nurse who delivered me, but that dear reader is another essay material! When the dad was first brought to justice by the local folk, the scene involved a lot of ketchup and sauce, and many juniors standing behind could be seen licking their lips with their tongues! The dad was laid in a coffin and a makeshift priest was to exorcise the dirty soul. The priest looked really holy in his white robes, except for flashy red jockey shorts highlighted under his raiment. His bald head showed from under the wig, which was secured around his egg-shaped head with a lace, supposed to be skin colored, which conflicted a good three shades with his skin and one end of which was clearly visible hanging behind his ear and annoying him no end! And when he was to hammer the wooden stake in the guy’s chest, the small piece of wood that shielded the man’s chest and was directly under the stake, showed, and even slipped when the hammer-blow fell, and the devil in dad winced in pain! It was so genuine that the poor guy hit the roof without the aid of any special effects and landed back in the coffin with a thud, and the dad thankful to the crew for not providing a metal stake! The audience shrieked and wailed throughout, and when the lights finally came on, many more shrieks were heard! One woman shrieked seeing the man sitting next to her chewing her stole! The man shrieked seeing the woman shriek! An old guy screamed discovering he had chewed his umbrella handle! Another screamed at his popcorn spilled in his lap, not out of fear, come on! The popcorn was buttered and he had ruined his best pair, that’s why! Another woman shouted wildly, discovering that the man to her left was not her husband, and whose hand she had been holding throughout! Her husband who was seated to her right, was slapped by the man on his right, whose hand he was holding, thinking it to be some woman’s! There were even more screams as a lady had sneaked in with her cat, which went berserk listening to the shrieks of the audience. Two girls who were my age, shrieked on seeing their parents seated next to them! In short it was wholesome entertainment! The movie was good fun, with plenty of gaffes and bloopers for me. And what a surprise, I even found my English teacher while leaving the cinema hall. Yes Sir, I had seen you that day, and I do recognize your wife, who looked quite different that day at the movie. Yes Sir, I do know your address and your phone number Sir. Hope you enjoyed the essay Sir. And just to mention Sir, I need a minimum of 80 percent marks in this essay to pass my English test. I know you won’t let me down!!

Definitions in Anatomy and Physiology

Definitions in Anatomy and Physiology Anatomy is a science for the study of different parts of living organisms, animal or plant types either by sectioning or other methods; it studies the size, structure and the relating elements, structuring a body, a plant, etc. We distinguish general anatomy, which also takes into account the analysis of physiology. Physiology is the study of the mode of operation of the numerous existing living creatures. Specifically, it is about understanding how the human body works, the role of each organ and its functioning mechanisms found in the organism but also, the function that each living organism occupies in its environment. When referring to the human anatomy and physiology, we are likely to be using the pathology to understand when the human body faces diseases and illnesses, caused by the dysfunction of certain organs and the symptoms that help specialists and scientists diagnose certain illnesses. To understand the human anatomy, scientist and biologists use various anatomical terms to describe and locate parts of the body, so what are the directional terms, body planes and the terminology used to identify the various body regions? We start with the directional terms, terms used by the anatomists and medical professionals to identify, locate and explain the body structure and positioning in regards to another. As we can see below:      Ã‚   Definition Description Example Superior A structure above another The chin is superior to the navel Inferior A structure below another The navel is inferior to the chin. Superficial Towards or on the   surface The skin is superficial to the muscle Deep Away from the surface, internal. The lungs are deep in the ribs Lateral Away from the midline of the body The nipple is lateral to the breast bone Medial Towards the midline of the body The nose is medial to the eye Proximal Closer to the point of attachment to the body than another structure The elbow is proximal to the wrist. Distal Farther from the point of attachment to the body than another structure The wrist is distal to the elbow Anterior The front of the body The navel is anterior to the spine Posterior The back of the body The spine is posterior to the breastbone Ipsilateral On the same side of the body Right arm and shoulder Contralateral On opposite sides of the body Legs Parietal Relating to a body cavity wall Bones of the skull Visceral Relating to organs within body cavities Lungs The diagram below explains the directional terms. Blank Canvas taken from Google. Figure.1 Figure 1. Directional Terms in Anatomy. To understand the human body better, there are ways of facilitating the understanding of what lies inside, structure wise, body planes are one way. Sagittal plane is a vertical plane that divides the body into equal right and left halves. If we cut the person in a straight vertical line from the head through the belly button and down to the toes, the median plane, therefore, result equal right and left halves of the body. See Fig.2 Coronal plane is a line/cut that separates the body into anterior and posterior parts, splits the body into front and back halves. This type of division is why the coronal plane is sometimes referred to as the frontal plane. See Fig.2 Transverse plane, this is a plane that divides the body into superior and inferior portions. This plane runs perpendicular to the coronal and median planes and in an upright human is parallel, or horizontal, to the ground. This is why its also called the horizontal plane. Anatomy and Physiology for dummies. See Fig.2 Blank canvas taken from Google. Fig.2 Figure. 2 Body Planes in Anatomy If we take the body standing in the following anatomical position as shown below Fig.3, I can recall these major regions (from the outside of the body) and how they relate to each other in the anatomical position highlighted as follows: The cephalic region (head) or cranial region (skull) is at the top of the body and visible from the front and rear. The cervical region (neck) starts below the head, ends at the thorax, and is visible from the front and rear from under the head to the shoulders. The dorsal region (back) runs from immediately below the neck down to the area below the waist. It doesnt include the shoulders. Its visible from the rear. The thorax starts immediately below the neck, at the clavicles, and ends along the bottom of the rib cage. Its visible from the front. The abdomen starts along the bottom of the rib cage and extends to the hips. Its visible from the front. The pelvis starts where the abdomen ends and takes up the area between the hip bones. The perineum is between the thighs so very little is visible in the anatomical position. The upper extremities include the shoulders, arms, forearms, elbows, wrists, and hands and are visible from the front and the back The lower extremities include the hips, buttocks, thighs, knees, legs, ankles, and feet. The buttocks are visible only from the rear, but the rest of the lower extremities are visible from the front and the rear. Figure.3 Anatomical regional terms annotated diagram (blank canvas taken from Google) Part B: In histology a study of cells and tissues, the human body is a synchronised cycle of components, a structure harmonised and coherence between chemicals, cells, tissues, organs and systems to form a human body. As detailed briefly in the following order: Every organism, humans, animals and plants are formed of cells. Animal cells and plant cells have a joined characteristic like a nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, and ribosomes. Plant cells have a cell wall, and most of the time a permanent chloroplast and vacuole. Each and specific cell has a special task or particular function, although there are different type of cells, the basic structure of a cell remains the same. Solutions pass into and out of the cells by diffusion; this sometimes is called osmosis when the water passes into and out of the cell. So what are the cell and tissue types and their functions in the human body? A group of different types of cells form tissues in the human body and one or more types of tissues form organs that work together in a harmonious manner to form the organ system. Nerve cells: These cells do not multiply in a human body life time. Once formed during fetus, they live till the entire life of a human body. They exist all over the body and some are as long as a few meters long. There are human brain cells and are found in a massive population in the brain and the spinal cord this is what forms the nervous tissue. Bone cells (Osteocytes) These are considered the toughest body cell systems and are bound together by calcium and phosphate, they give strength, support and framework to the body by enclosing organs in skeletal system i.e. bones. Cartilage cells (chondrocytes) these cells are made of a loose and flexible material. We find them in the ear, spinal bones, joints etc. Muscle cells:   There are three types: skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle cells and are rich in proteins actin and myosin, muscle cells can contract and relax to provide movements. Secretory cells: These cells secrete and form glands, for example: pancreatic cells which secrete insulin, glucagon, salivary gland secrete saliva, sebaceous gland secrete oil on the skin. They are found in all secretory organs. Adipose cells: These are fat cells and considered as storage to store fat. Example: the soles, palms, buttocks, etc. They reduce friction to the body. Blood cells: They are always mobile and active carry oxygen and nutrients to all cells and organs. They have limited life span and they never multiply to form new cells. Instead new cells are formed from other cells. As we know, there are four types of tissues, Epithelial, Connective, muscular and nervous as I explained in the examples above. Epithelium: its main function is to protect the human body from the outside world acts as a barrier i.e. skin. It also absorbs i.e. stomach and intestinal lining (gut). Also, it filters, i.e. kidneys and it secretes as the glands do. Its also good at fixing itself, regenerating i.e. skin burns. Connective: its main function is bound together, wrapping around and cushioning and protecting organs. Stores nutrients and give an internal support for organs, i.e. tendon and ligaments protect joints and attached muscles to bone and each other, it runs through organs and in deep layers of skin producing strength. Nervous: this is very important as it is the communication element in the body to receive and give signals, this conducts impulses to and from body organs via neurons i.e. brain, spinal cord and nerves. Muscle: this is responsible for the body movements, moves blood, food, and waste bodys organs and responsible for the mechanical digestion.

handball :: essays research papers

Goal Tending   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When playing goalie in team handball, the most important thing to do is make yourself as big as possible. This can be done can be done in a few ways. One way to make yourself bigger is to get your arms up in the air and stand tall. Your arms should be in the air at about 45 degree angles with your palms facing out and fingers spread wide. Your legs should be positioned in a stance wider than shoulder width. This way you are able to kick away low shots and are already in a good position to move side to side.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The second way a goalie can make themselves bigger is to cut down the angle that the offensive player has to shoot. They can do this be moving toward the shooter while they are approaching or winding up. But, you have to be careful that you do not come up to far because then they can shoot a lob shot over you. When the goalie is moving around the goal face according to where the ball is being passed by the offensive team, the goalie should shuffle their feet along an imaginary arc across the goal. The top of the arc is about one meter from the goal line. The reason for the arc goes with the cutting down the angle theory, be doing this the goalie has a better chance of reaching just to the corners. Another important rule that the goal keeper must follow is that they have to defend the near post when there is a chance of a shot from the wing. To do this they actually can wrap their arm around the post to make it impossible for a shot to get through. This also makes it easier for the defender to channel the shot if they know the post is shut-off.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If an offensive player takes a shot and the goalie touches the ball then it goes over then end line it becomes a goalie throw.

Radio Controlled Airplanes :: essays research papers

Teenagers have many hobbies and interests and one thing that the hobbies have in common is that every hobby requires specific steps in order to archive success. Some hobbies require very little training such as baseball card collecting. other hobbies take quite a lot of training, to preform correctly. There are some very important steps to take in order to be successful in the hobby, radio controlled airplanes, and they are researching the type of planes, selecting and purchasing the plane, and assembling and flying it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first step for getting into the hobby of R.C.A. is to read as much as possible concerning R.C.A., and visit a quality hobby shop. The library and well stocked hobby shop are the best places to start. The library will have books that contain information about the various types of planes as well as the ease or difficulty of operating certain types of planes. The last step in the initial process is to go to the hobby shop and select a airplane based on the ease of assembly and price that is in ones budget.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The second step in the process is the assembly of the R.C.A. It is essential that the area for assembly be clean and devoid of clutter. All of the instructions should be read and committed to memory. Next the individual should lay out all of the parts according to the orders of assembly. The last step in this second process is correctly assemble the R.C.A.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The concluding and most enjoyable step is the actual flying of the plane. It is important to contact the local R.C.A club and find out where the meetings are located , where they fly their airplanes and what it takes to join the club. After the information is gained its time to go out and fly the R.C.A. Try to watch a person use the controls and learn as much as possible from an individual who has flown for a long time and is proficient at flying.

Americas Racist Society Essay -- Racism, Prejudice, Racial Profiling

The relationship between whites and blacks in America can be thought of as a mountain, as we ascend the peak through time racial clashes seem to be fewer and fewer. America has had a very racist history, but now more than ever equal opportunity is being granted to minorities. Blacks and whites are getting along better than any other time in the past, but there are still problems preventing these two groups from blending completely in society. Stereotypes about the violent behavior of blacks, seriously affects the relationship between whites and blacks in society because white people are fearful in the presence of blacks. Evidence for these stereotypes and reasons why this stereotype is so widely regarded will be thoroughly discussed in this essay, starting with my own personal experiences. When I was growing up, I did not live in a community with many Blacks and because of this I never got a chance to have many black friends. Throughout middle school and high school I noticed that the majority of black students remained isolated to their own racial group. They seemed to keep their distance from the white kids or maybe it was that the white kids stayed away from them? Occasionally when fights broke out in school it seemed that the black students were always the ones involved. This was something that I noticed but didn’t think much of it at the time. Looking back and reflecting on what I saw, these skirmishes involving the black students could have inflicted a sense of fear in me. I saw their violent behavior first hand and that probably caused me to think of them as violent and something to fear. That wasn’t the only thing that influenced me to think of blacks in that way, but what were the others? Could the media, ... ...them to make a conscious effort to behave in a way that would eliminate the stereotypes. In my experiences I have found that my role models have a huge impact on what I do and how I think. These people influence me to be who I am and add wisdom where I would normally be clueless. The black community is not the only group who needs to be educated about stereotyping, whites need to be educated as well. White people are often the ones using the stereotypes and for that reason they need to be informed of what they are doing. Once the white community realizes what they are doing they can make an effort, just like the blacks, to stop classifying people who are different. If the judgment of others who are different stops then racial issues will become much less prevalent. Once racial conflicts preside then ethnic groups in society will be able to peacefully coexist.

Cross Cultural Communication Barriers Essay

LaRay Barna (1982) has elaborated on the distinction between observations and interpretation in cross cultural communication. Five areas of practice constitute potential barriers. In order to overcome these barriers, postpone interpretation until you know enough about the other culture. In other words observed behavior but try not to attach attribution to it. First, there’s the obvious barrier of language differences. Language is much more than learning new vocabulary and grammar. It includes cultural competence: knowing what to say and how, when, where, and why to say it. Knowing a little of the foreign language may only allow you to make a â€Å"fluent fool† of yourself. Also, within the same language the same word may have a different meaning in different settings. Ways to decrease the language barrier are [1] learn the language, [2] find someone who can speak the language as an interpreter, and [3] ask for clarification if you are not sure what someone says. Second, there is the area of nonverbal communication such as gestures, posture and other ways we show what we feel and think without speaking. Our culture has taught us to communicate through unspoken messages that are so automatic that we rarely even think about them. An interviewer might put his or her own cultural interpretation on your hand gesture, facial expression, posture, clothing, physical closeness or distance, eye contact, or personal appearance, and that attribution may not be what you intended to at all. Ways to cross the nonverbal communication area are [1] do not assume you understand any nonverbal signals or behavior unless you are familiar with the culture, [2] don’t take a stranger’s nonverbal behavior personally, even if it is insulting in your culture, and [3] develop an awareness of your own and nonverbal communication patterns that might be insulting in certain cultures. Third, stereotypes are a major barrier to communicating across cultures. We try to fit people into patterns based on a previous experience. We see pretty much what we want or expect to see and reject the possible interpretations that don’t fit with what we expect. If we expect people from country X to be unfriendly to foreigners, we will probably interpret their behavior in that way. Steps to overcome this barrier resemble the familiar triad, awareness-knowledge-skills, (that we discussed earlier in the chapter): [1] make every effort to increase awareness of your own preconceptions and stereotypes of cultures you encounter, [2] learn about the other culture, and [3] reinterpret their behavior from their cultural perspective, adapting your own stereotypes to fit your new experiences. A fourth barrier is the tendency to evaluate behavior from the other culture as good or bad, to make a judgment based on our own cultural bias. Evaluation has been called a third stage of how we attribute meaning. The first two, observation and interpretation, lead naturally to it. Different attitudes about, for instance, food and drink can cause misunderstanding as we evaluate them. Ways to decrease the tendency to evaluate our [1] maintain appropriate distance, [2] recognize that you cannot change the culture (or yourself) overnight, [3] do not judge someone from another culture by your own cultural values until you have first come to know them and their cultural values. The fifth barrier is the high level of stress that typically accompanies intercultural interactions. Like every other unfamiliar experience, intercultural contact is likely to involve some stress. Ways you can decrease stress are to [1] accept the ambiguity of cross cultural situations in which you are not sure what others expect of you or what you can expect of them, [2] work to reduce other intercultural barriers, and [3] be forgiving of others and yourself, giving both them and yourself the benefit of the doubt. In intercultural encounters, then, there are several filters that can prevent us from accurately understanding what others are trying to communicate, and that can prevent others from accurately understanding what we are trying to communicate: our tendency to interpret and evaluate behavior before we understand it, and our willingness to stereotype groups of people, which prevents us from interpreting behavior accurately. When we are looking and listening, the remedy is to try and increase the range of our perception, to observe and suspend our interpretation [what we think] and evaluation [what we feel], and to ask for clarification when in doubt. When speaking, we should take care to clarify the intention behind our words and check to see if the message has come across correctly. In all cases, we should be prepared for surprises.